New Issues in Refugee Research. Witchcraft Allegations, Refugee Protection and Human Rights: A Review of the Evidence

This paper examines the link between witchcraft accusations and displacement. Accusations may cause displacement through forced exile or the personal decision to flee from the threat of harm. Some of the numerous explanations for witchcraft accusations are introduced, before turning to the ways in which witchcraft accusations are a protection concern. Documented examples of persecution aimed at alleged witches in various countries across the world are provided before turning to the groups who face the highest risk: women, the elderly and children.

This global overview is followed by an investigation into the impact of witchcraft accusations in a displacement continuum: internally displaced people's camps, refugee camps, during repatriation and reconstruction, and among resettled refugees. Next, the role of the government is considered, from outlawing witchcraft accusations to prosecuting alleged witches in government courts. In the majority of stories surveyed, individuals did not proclaim to be witches and only confess unwillingly. Thus, the persecution is typically based on beliefs that are imputed upon the accused. The role of nonstate actors and gender protection are also mentioned. Some recommendations for organizations working with affected populations are provided in conclusion.