Morocco: Islamic Feminism in Morocco

Lamrabet is a diplomat's wife from a well-heeled suburb of Rabat. In theory she could simply spend her time organising garden parties, but she is not interested in the rituals of the Moroccan jet set. A qualified medic, she works in a hospital every day. When she comes home, she sits at her desk and writes books about feminism and Islam as well as organising Qur’an workshops on the subject.

The position of women is grim in all Muslim and Arab countries, Lamrabet says; a greater appreciation of women within Islam is needed. This means re-reading the texts and identifying previous interpretations for what they are: macho and patriarchal.

Such provocative statements, which can be read in more detail in her three books, have won Asma Lamrabet increasing numbers of followers: women and also men. Whether engineers, school inspectors, lawyers or students, they all share the same interest. They are dissatisfied with the dominant Islamic discourse increasingly spread by the pan-Arab media.

The main problem with the dominant Islamic discourse is that women are always reduced to some function or another, Asma Lamrabet claims; a woman is either a mother, a wife, a sister or a daughter. She is never presented as an individual, as a free, autonomous being. But the Qur’an portrays women as human beings, she says, and seeing women as human beings also means recognising their right to freedom and autonomy.

In the working group for women's issues and intercultural dialogue, interested women and men test the Qur’an for its egalitarian potential. Asma Lamrabet believes the Islamic teachings are more sympathetic to women than generally recognised. Islam does not have a creation myth portraying women simply as appendages of men. The Islamic Adam, according to Lamrabet is simply a human being; in the Qur’an, Adam has no gender.

The group also includes lawyer Rachida Ait Himmich. She is a member of a secular left-wing party: both secular and Muslim, which for Ait Himmich is not a contradiction. She says she can live out the various sides of her identity in the group. She can be a Muslim woman and at the same time feel free; she can embrace universal ethical values as well as the human values handed down by Islam, seeing it as a case of re-reading the Qur’an.

In their group studies, Asma Lamrabet and her fellow campaigners acknowledge the traditional Islamic interpretations as well as the particular historical contexts. For her, although the Qur’an is indeed the word of God, the teachings are only ever in practice experienced within a specific social and political context. Many conservative scholars of Islamic law see such an approach as blasphemy.

Between growing religious fanaticism in the Arabic and Islamic worlds, and increasing Islamophobia in the West, Asma Lamrabet and her feminist-Muslim working group are arguing the case for a so-called "third way": a modern approach combining universal, humanistic ethics with the humanitarian ideals of Islam.

To date, this so-called "third way" has had no majority appeal in Arab and Muslim societies. The criticism comes from various directions. Conservative Muslims accuse Lamrabet and her group of lacking the necessary theological competence to interpret the sacred texts correctly.

More secularly-orientated critics claim her approach to the Qur’an is not historical and that she does not speak out strongly enough against polygamy and violence towards women.

Asma Lamrabet points to the constitution of the working group for women's issues and intercultural dialogue, which has just become accepted as a registered association. The document is vague however, like much of what Asma Lamrabet says and writes. Her books are eloquent and passionate, but conceptually and in terms of methodology, the treatises have many weak points.

At times, they border on the kind of Islamic fundamentalist propaganda familiar from the Moroccan Islamic political activist, Nadia Yassine. Lamrabet's treatment of her central subject, cultural identity, is based on a notion of identity now seen as antiquated in the relevant sociological debates. By clinging to a notional unambiguous Islamic identity, Asma Lamrabet is positioning herself closer to political Islam propagandists. The catchy concept of the "third way" cannot alter this.

However, the verve with which Asma Lamrabet and her fellow campaigners are fighting for a new, more humanitarian Islam is remarkable. The positive resonance amongst young Muslim women shows once more that Islamic feminism is no longer a marginal issue and this development may form the impetus for an open discourse on Islam and society.

By: Martina Sabra

Source: Qantara.de, reprinted by the Common Ground News Service (CGNews) and can be accessed at www.qantara.de and www.commongroundnews.org

4 January 2008